The Aim of this study is to find linguistic similarity between indo-european and semitic languages.
Languages from indo-european family mostly are: Greek (Gr), Latin, Sanskrit, Persian, Indian and German. As languages from the Semitic family are mostly: Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, Akkadian, Ge'ez, Egyptian and Ugarit. These similarities can be used in a fusional Conlang, or social analysis of folks.
The common words aren't phonetically the same, thats because of the transformations during the transmission of the word. As in an example of words from the same family and same meaning; Hundred(English), Centum(Latin) and Satem(Old Persian). These words all mean the number 100 but they have different sounds, some letters turn into frictative, plosive, voiced/unvoiced, or change the place its articulated. phonetical similarity is a factor for knowing if the words in both languages are from same origin but it doesn't mean that the words are absolutely from same origin unless there is a similarity in meaning.
most seen transformations of phonemes are:
k - h - s. s - ʃ - z. a - u - o - ɨ - æ. e - i - ʉ. (the vowel changes are very often in languages using abjads). n - m. m - b - v - w - f.
before starting, sources used mostly in this "dictionary" are: SurethDictionary | Etymonline |
After stepping into an etymologic and grammatical journey, One shall see that we Semites and Aryans have the Community which no other Nation has with another Nation. If One had such degree of Wit to Identify Patterns used in universal communication, One Could Practicaly make the fiction of a whole Language by a small example of it. And then One can see that the Semitic and Indo-European are in great communication.
As If One had Even more Wit to Identify more, the case goes beyond language and orality to the secrets of universe In plenty of Codings...
So This Is Your Heredity Which is One.
DICTIONARY
Semitic : *GEn. Indo-European: *Kem-. To Cover
Kem is the PIE root of Heaven as gnh is the semitic root of Heaven (gannah). Heaven is probably from Proto-Germanic *hibin-, dissimilated from *himin, perhaps originated from "a covering," from a PIE root *kem- "to cover".
Phonetical Transformations:
the K in kem voiced but preserved the velar modus its produced as it transformed to G. M changed the bilabial modus to alveolar modus but preserved nasalisation as N.
Meaning Transformations:
the word gannah or word kem has no difference or transformation in meaning as they totally preserved the sense of covering and siege. see: arabic for genie |ٌّجِن| jinn
Semitic : *ʃmh. Indo-European: *Kem-. To Cover
*kem- as in other possibilities or coexistingly, the root of word heaven in english and hebrew (shamayim). Heaven is probably from Proto-Germanic *hibin-, dissimilated from *himin, perhaps originated from "a covering," from a PIE root *kem- "to cover". The phoneme k in *kem- turns into s/ʃ in eastern IE then became in semitic *ʃmh- which meant "to put, to place" which probably in sense of to place is to cover, or place being covering around you. see: greek for place σημειο / simîo
Semitic: *ʔErEs. Indo-European: *Er-. Earth
*Er- is the PIE root of english word earth and *ʔErEs is the root of hebrew erets. root in IE: Old English eorþe "ground, soil, dirt, dry land; country, district," also used (along with middangeard) for "the (material) world, the abode of man" (as opposed to the heavens or the underworld), from Proto-Germanic *ertho (source also of Old Frisian erthe "earth," Old Saxon ertha, Old Norse jörð, Middle Dutch eerde, Dutch aarde, Old High German erda, German Erde, Gothic airþa), from extended form of PIE root *er-. and the root *ʔErEs has no other meaning than the earth just like the PIE *er-. As the letter tsade at the end is caused by derivation of *er- conjoined with the IE suffix -S, this suffix is the progenitor of greek suffix -s.also its noted that the word for town or city in semitic is ér |ער|. see: syriac for mars |ܐܪܣ| âris
Semitic: *Gy'. Indo-European: *Ge. Field
*Ge is the root of greek geo: word-forming element meaning "earth, the Earth," ultimately from Greek geo-, comb. form of Attic and Ionic ge "the earth, land, a land or country". And perhaps a derivation of the Avestan word gaithâ (as gaya/life) -from PIE root *gwei-- for "living one, creature" as gaithânâm in avestan meant "the world, earthly things" (hânâm can be progenitor of farsi hâne for house). words probably related to gaitha are: gaoyaoiti for mountains, garô for throat, gava for "bull, ox or settlement" therefore gaye' -hebrew for "valley, parade or gorge"- is relative to gaitha and ge. the authantic word for hell is gehinnom in hebrew (same consonants in many other semitic languages), gehinnom which is considered "ge from gaye' + hinnom for mourning". Surprisingly sounding too much like gaithanam in avestan. there is a sensual relation between settlement and living in semitic and IE languages
Semitic: Hwh. Indo-European: *Gwei-. Life
As geo- prefix comes from the avestan gaithâ, so does the greek prefix zoo- word-forming element meaning "animal, living being," from Greek zoion "an animal," literally "a living being," from PIE root *gwei- "to live" which has kinship with semitic root hwh/hyh for living. As word Heweh in hebrew means "farm, station or messuage" just like the avestan word gaithâ.
Semitic: *Ns. Indo-European: *Nek-. Death
A greek word-forming element necro-: before vowels, necr-, word-forming element meaning "death, corpse, dead tissue," from Latinized form of Greek nekros "dead body, corpse, dead person," from PIE root *nek- (1) "death." which is origined from Sanskrit nasyati for "disappears, perishes," Avestan nasyeiti "disappears," nasu- "corpse," Old Persian vi-nathayatiy "he injures;". As semitic *Ns root meaning "to disappear, to escape or to cease". see Arabic for "to forget, to miss" |نسى| nasaa.
Semitic: *ép. Indo-European: *Upo-. Above/Upwards
A hebrew root *éwp meaning "to soar, to rise" -probably derrived from aramaic word |ܥܲܘܦܵܐ | ('ôpâ) for "a winged creature, a plane, a fowl, or a missile"- has kinship with the PIE root *upo- as the root of words super and hyper. *upo- "from below," hence "turning upward, upward, up, up from under, over, beyond" (source also of Sanskrit upa "near, under, up to, on," Greek hypo "under," Gothic iup, Old Norse, Old English upp "up, upward," Hittite up-zi "rises"). as we see *ép in sense of getting high, hyper in sense of high.
Semitic: *Bn/Kn. Indo-European: *Gene-. To Give Birth
*gen-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "give birth, beget," with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups. It is the hypothetical source of Sanskrit janati "begets, bears," janah "offspring, child, person," janman- "birth, origin," jatah "born;" Avestan zizanenti "they bear;" Greek gignesthai "to become, happen," genos "race, kind" which has kinship with the west semitic *Bn as in the word "Benn" derived from this root in Egyptian meaning "to copulate, to beget, to begotten". B in benn transforms to G, as G in *gwei- (PIE root for living) transformed its G to B. the root *Bn has changed its meaning thrrough cultures, such as bna in aramaic has the meaning of creation by sense of begetting. see: arabic for structure |بِنَاءٌ| binâ'. perhaps this root is seen as *Kn in central semitic which is the root in sense of "to provide, make, establish". see arabic for universe/beings |كَائِنَاتٌ| kâ'inât.
Semitic: Br'. Indo-European: *Bher-.
Semitic root Br' as in Syriac word |ܒܪܵܐ|/brô meaning "to create , to cause to come into existence" which is the root of "bar" son in syriac, having kinship with PIE *bher- as the root of english verb "to bear" with the meaning of carrying and can be used in sense of carrying a child, for pregnancy as giving birth which is from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse *byrðr (replacing cognate Old English gebyrd "birth, descent, race; offspring; nature; fate"), from Proto-Germanic *gaburthis (source also of Old Frisian berd, Old Saxon giburd, Dutch geboorte, Old High German giburt, German geburt, Gothic gabaurþs), from PIE *bhrto past participle of root *bher-.
Semitic: *ʕm. Indo-European: *kom-
Semitic root *ʕm as in Aramaic and Hebrew means "with, togather" which has an understandable transformation with *kom- in terms of phonemes and has no change in meaning. So the root *ʕm is cognate with the PIE root *kom- as the progenitor of english *con- word-forming element usually meaning "with, together," from Latin com, archaic form of classical Latin cum "together, together with, in combination,". And also the progenitor of greek "syn-" which is also a word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," Besides Greek, The *kom- is seen as "Hama" in Avestan language which has an even more similar phoneme for roots first letter.As said at the beginning of this text, *kom- in IE languages show all phoneme changes that Hundred(English), Centum(Latin) and Satem(Old Persian) languages show as "H" "K" "S".
So people we call modern greeks are migrated from the caucasus to the greece, When did the first Indo-Europeans arrive in Greece, and by when Greece was fully Indo-European? Who were the people that lived there before them? To what degree did they influence the Indo-European migrators? Are modern day Greeks largely descendants of the Indo-Europeans or the old population?
Note that before proto-greek was recorded in 3000 BCE “The Phoenicians had an enormous influence on the ancient world, particularly upon the Greeks, in architecture, religion, language, and other spheres. Pliny ascribes to the Phoenicians the invention of the glass industry. Whether this statement is accurate or not, there is no doubt that they raised the art of glass–making to a high degree of perfection. He also ascribes to them the invention of astronomy, navigation and military strategy. From the Phoenicians the Greeks received their system of weights and measures. However, the most important invention attributed to themis that of phonetic writing which was and still is, the main basis and cause for the development and advancement of the human race
It would be lying to say todays greeks are pure, and alltime dwellers of the greece. Original Greeks are brothers of Phoenicians as they influenced the worlds fate as there is no other race influenced the worlds fate more than the semitic race did. Even today in 2017, tragicomic events happening inside middle east is influencing the worlds destiny in a good way or not
Semitic: *tn. Indo-European: *dwo- .
*dwo- as Proto-Indo-European root meaning "two." also forming the english "two" as well as many other words is cognate with the semitic *tn (see arabic |ثاني| ta:ny). Perhaps tn evolved with transition of phoneme "N" to nasalisation hence then dissolved cause of the indo-european unability of pronunciation.
Semitic: *ʼab-. Indo-European: *pəter-.
PIE *pəter- "father" (source also of Sanskrit pitar-, Greek pater, Latin pater, Old Persian pita, Old Irish athir "father") is perhaps baby speach "pa" + kinship implying suffix "-ter" <= "Pah" <= "Bah" <= ʼAbah <= Proto Semitic *ʼAb-.
Perhaps Russian "бог" (boh) "god" is derived from "Pah" cognate with 'Ab because the concept of a father symbolising the progenitive element in creation and a patron figure. Which explains the persian Bagh |باغ| "god" as in the name "Baghdad".
Semitic: *ʔ
*Er- is the PIE root of english word earth and *ʔ
Semitic: *Gy'. Indo-European: *Ge. Field
*Ge is the root of greek geo: word-forming element meaning "earth, the Earth," ultimately from Greek geo-, comb. form of Attic and Ionic ge "the earth, land, a land or country". And perhaps a derivation of the Avestan word gaithâ (as gaya/life) -from PIE root *gwei-- for "living one, creature" as gaithânâm in avestan meant "the world, earthly things" (hânâm can be progenitor of farsi hâne for house). words probably related to gaitha are: gaoyaoiti for mountains, garô for throat, gava for "bull, ox or settlement" therefore gaye' -hebrew for "valley, parade or gorge"- is relative to gaitha and ge. the authantic word for hell is gehinnom in hebrew (same consonants in many other semitic languages), gehinnom which is considered "ge from gaye' + hinnom for mourning". Surprisingly sounding too much like gaithanam in avestan. there is a sensual relation between settlement and living in semitic and IE languages
Semitic: Hwh. Indo-European: *Gwei-. Life
As geo- prefix comes from the avestan gaithâ, so does the greek prefix zoo- word-forming element meaning "animal, living being," from Greek zoion "an animal," literally "a living being," from PIE root *gwei- "to live" which has kinship with semitic root hwh/hyh for living. As word Heweh in hebrew means "farm, station or messuage" just like the avestan word gaithâ.
Semitic: *Ns. Indo-European: *Nek-. Death
A greek word-forming element necro-: before vowels, necr-, word-forming element meaning "death, corpse, dead tissue," from Latinized form of Greek nekros "dead body, corpse, dead person," from PIE root *nek- (1) "death." which is origined from Sanskrit nasyati for "disappears, perishes," Avestan nasyeiti "disappears," nasu- "corpse," Old Persian vi-nathayatiy "he injures;". As semitic *Ns root meaning "to disappear, to escape or to cease". see Arabic for "to forget, to miss" |نسى| nasaa.
Semitic: *ép. Indo-European: *Upo-. Above/Upwards
A hebrew root *éwp meaning "to soar, to rise" -probably derrived from aramaic word |ܥܲܘܦܵܐ | ('ôpâ) for "a winged creature, a plane, a fowl, or a missile"- has kinship with the PIE root *upo- as the root of words super and hyper. *upo- "from below," hence "turning upward, upward, up, up from under, over, beyond" (source also of Sanskrit upa "near, under, up to, on," Greek hypo "under," Gothic iup, Old Norse, Old English upp "up, upward," Hittite up-zi "rises"). as we see *ép in sense of getting high, hyper in sense of high.
Semitic: *Bn/Kn. Indo-European: *Gene-. To Give Birth
*gen-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "give birth, beget," with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups. It is the hypothetical source of Sanskrit janati "begets, bears," janah "offspring, child, person," janman- "birth, origin," jatah "born;" Avestan zizanenti "they bear;" Greek gignesthai "to become, happen," genos "race, kind" which has kinship with the west semitic *Bn as in the word "Benn" derived from this root in Egyptian meaning "to copulate, to beget, to begotten". B in benn transforms to G, as G in *gwei- (PIE root for living) transformed its G to B. the root *Bn has changed its meaning thrrough cultures, such as bna in aramaic has the meaning of creation by sense of begetting. see: arabic for structure |بِنَاءٌ| binâ'. perhaps this root is seen as *Kn in central semitic which is the root in sense of "to provide, make, establish". see arabic for universe/beings |كَائِنَاتٌ| kâ'inât.
Semitic: Br'. Indo-European: *Bher-.
Semitic root Br' as in Syriac word |ܒܪܵܐ|/brô meaning "to create , to cause to come into existence" which is the root of "bar" son in syriac, having kinship with PIE *bher- as the root of english verb "to bear" with the meaning of carrying and can be used in sense of carrying a child, for pregnancy as giving birth which is from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse *byrðr (replacing cognate Old English gebyrd "birth, descent, race; offspring; nature; fate"), from Proto-Germanic *gaburthis (source also of Old Frisian berd, Old Saxon giburd, Dutch geboorte, Old High German giburt, German geburt, Gothic gabaurþs), from PIE *bhrto past participle of root *bher-.
Semitic: *ʕm. Indo-European: *kom-
Semitic root *ʕm as in Aramaic and Hebrew means "with, togather" which has an understandable transformation with *kom- in terms of phonemes and has no change in meaning. So the root *ʕm is cognate with the PIE root *kom- as the progenitor of english *con- word-forming element usually meaning "with, together," from Latin com, archaic form of classical Latin cum "together, together with, in combination,". And also the progenitor of greek "syn-" which is also a word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," Besides Greek, The *kom- is seen as "Hama" in Avestan language which has an even more similar phoneme for roots first letter.As said at the beginning of this text, *kom- in IE languages show all phoneme changes that Hundred(English), Centum(Latin) and Satem(Old Persian) languages show as "H" "K" "S".
Europe: from Latin Europa "Europe," from Greek Europe,
as a geographic name first recorded in the Homeric hymn to Apollo (522 B.C.E.
or earlier)
-Homeric hymns are a collection
of texts about greek gods written in poetic meter of Homer and perhaps by Homer.-
In the Hymn assigned on Apollo,
Word Europe seen in the sentence:
“Telphusa, here I am minded to
make a glorious temple, an oracle for men, and hither they will always bring
perfect hecatombs, both those who live in rich Peloponnesus and those of Europe and all the wave-washed isles, coming to seek
oracles.”
The Greeks have probably borrowed
this word from Cretans because a woman called Europa being the mother of King
Minos of Crete was mentioned in greek mythology.
As she was mentioned having
phoenician origins from his possible father Phoenix (Name phoenicia coming from
him). Europa is the feminized word “éreb” in phoenician which meant
“evening”, but in direct translation it contained the means of “down-going or
descending”. not much surprising to see a semitic figure in greek myths because
phoenicia was related to greece and especially crete -obviously under
phoenician migration-. Indeed they were commenting word éreb in terms of earth’s movement. So do you know
who is the subject of this down-going called “europe”? -Its the Sun.
Phoenicians and greeks cogitated that
the place sun goes down, is the west, and called it europe, when the sun is
down-going, there be evening.
Ernest Klein and Giovanni
Semerano was the starters of this etymologic discovery of europe. And there are
easy responses for thoose who think this origin from éreb is unlikely or
untenable:
·
Another
opinion about europe’s etymology is the word europe containing elements εὐρύς (eurus), "wide, broad"[5]
and ὤψ/ὠπ-/ὀπτ- (ōps/ōp-/opt-) "eye, face,
countenance". The name “broad face” is considered as expressing a wide geographic region
speakers (greeks) live, (greeks also lived in anatolia in asia). Hence its not
specific as there are many places could be called wide by greek populators.
·
Opi
in europe is written with an omicron instead of an omega as this can change the
meaning of “broad face” into “broad hole ” to make no sense.
·
Both
Father and Brother of Europa the mythologic figure, have Phoenician names:
Phoenix and Cadmos, Cadmos is from the semitic root QDM which derives such
semitic words like qadi:m in arabic which have common meaning of “ancient, fore”
and “old”. Cadmos was named this because he was a forefather of phoenicians on
greece as he is the founder of ancient greek town Thebai.
·
Europe
is probably a translitteration specific to Homeros’ time, from cretes local phoenician
literature to mostly indo-europeanised greek
The myth of Europa dates back ton non-aryan greeks
Are present
day greeks same with the ancient greeks?
Folks are influenced mostly by other folks
related to them, And their influence is most seen in language. In present day,
greeks considered speaking a language belonging to indo-european language
family. So theyre highly related to indo
europeans we suppose, but who are indo-europeans? In simple I’d call them Aryans.
Aryans are a very dominant race in world, As they became craftful in training
horses and transport animals, they had a wide migration. In truth: “One date
for Indo-European migration begins ca. 4000 BC, another around 7000 BC. The
Proto-Language first broke into the Greek-Armenian-Indo-Iranian subfamily,
which further divided into the Greek-Armenian, Indian Sanskrit, and the Iranian
languages. ” So people we call modern greeks are migrated from the caucasus to the greece, When did the first Indo-Europeans arrive in Greece, and by when Greece was fully Indo-European? Who were the people that lived there before them? To what degree did they influence the Indo-European migrators? Are modern day Greeks largely descendants of the Indo-Europeans or the old population?
Note that before proto-greek was recorded in 3000 BCE “The Phoenicians had an enormous influence on the ancient world, particularly upon the Greeks, in architecture, religion, language, and other spheres. Pliny ascribes to the Phoenicians the invention of the glass industry. Whether this statement is accurate or not, there is no doubt that they raised the art of glass–making to a high degree of perfection. He also ascribes to them the invention of astronomy, navigation and military strategy. From the Phoenicians the Greeks received their system of weights and measures. However, the most important invention attributed to themis that of phonetic writing which was and still is, the main basis and cause for the development and advancement of the human race
-Haaretz-
Who Are The Phoenicians”
We can see that the greeks were highly related
to phoenicians even by studying the greek writing system. phoenicians as other
semitic people, had names for each letter, for example first letter A was called
“Alep” meaning “ox”, and original greeks called letter A “Alpha”, why did they
choose it an altered name instead of copying name “Alep”? Because Original greeks had a correspondant
name meaning ox as well instead of Alep, that was “alpha”. Letter A at the and
of greek letters like gamm*a* is used as a nominative suffix indogenous to
semitic languages like syriac.It would be lying to say todays greeks are pure, and alltime dwellers of the greece. Original Greeks are brothers of Phoenicians as they influenced the worlds fate as there is no other race influenced the worlds fate more than the semitic race did. Even today in 2017, tragicomic events happening inside middle east is influencing the worlds destiny in a good way or not
Semitic: *tn. Indo-European: *dwo- .
*dwo- as Proto-Indo-European root meaning "two." also forming the english "two" as well as many other words is cognate with the semitic *tn (see arabic |ثاني| ta:ny). Perhaps tn evolved with transition of phoneme "N" to nasalisation hence then dissolved cause of the indo-european unability of pronunciation.
Semitic: *ʼab-. Indo-European: *pəter-.
PIE *pəter- "father" (source also of Sanskrit pitar-, Greek pater, Latin pater, Old Persian pita, Old Irish athir "father") is perhaps baby speach "pa" + kinship implying suffix "-ter" <= "Pah" <= "Bah" <= ʼAbah <= Proto Semitic *ʼAb-.
Perhaps Russian "бог" (boh) "god" is derived from "Pah" cognate with 'Ab because the concept of a father symbolising the progenitive element in creation and a patron figure. Which explains the persian Bagh |باغ| "god" as in the name "Baghdad".
